Icon painting / Ikonfestészet: 2010. 02. 14.

2010. február 16., kedd

Holy Trinity Icon (NewTestament Trinity - Paternity) / Szentháromság-ikon (Újszövetségi Szentháromság - Paternitás)

Paternity (Otechestvo). Vertical, antropomorph representation of Persons of the Holy Trinity.
Paternitás (Otyecsesztvo). A Szentháromság Személyeinek antropomorf, vertikális ábrázolása.

Novgorod, 14th c.

Lit.: Bigham, Steven, Image of God the Father in Orthodox Theology and Iconography, Studies in Orthodox iconography, St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1995, ISBN 1879038153, 97818790381.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Icon#cite_note-0
The New Testament Trinity, depicts the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit distinctly, and although far more familiar from Western models, and now disapproved of in Russian Orthodoxy at least, is actually of Greek origin. Christ may be shown either as an adult, (in this case he is sitting to the right of his Father) or as an infant sitting on his Father's knees, which is the norm in early Greek depictions. This type is also called the Paternity icon, and is found from the 11th century onwards, although it did not become widespread in Orthodox art until after the Fall of Constantinople, under Western influence, when an adult Christ is the norm.[1] The Father is painted as the Ancient of Days, a white-bearded man with a very special type of nimbus (it contains two rombic figures: one is red, another is blue, or is a triangle).

cca. 1680, Moscow, Oruzheinaia Palata

Невьянск. 1780.

Karelia, 17th-18th c.

Moscow, Arkhangelsky Sobor, 17th c.

Nikitsky monastery, 17th c.

Onlybegotten Son of God / Istennek Egyszülött Fia.
Невьянск. Мастерская Богатыревых.

Nikifor Savin, Moscpw, 16th-17th c, Moscow Tretyakov Gallery

1600 k. Recklinghausen

Kostroma, Ipatiev monastery, Trinity Cathedral

17th c., Netherlanden

19th c., Russia

17th c., priv. coll. England

17th c.

Jaroslavl, 17th c.

Shestodnev / Hexameron. Six days of the Creation / A teremtés hat napja
Palekh, 16th c.

Deity in three hypostases / Három hüposztatiszú Istenség. Moscow, 1570/1580
"Приидите, людие, трисоставному Божеству поклонимся"

Palekh, 19. c.

2010. február 15., hétfő

Holy Trinity Icon (Old Testament Trinity, Philoxenia) / Szentháromság-ikon (Ószövetségi Szentháromság)

Icons of the Trinity depict the event recounted in Genesis where "three young men" appear before Abraham and his wife Sarah and foretell, despite their advanced age, the birth of their son. Early Christian theologians interpreted Abraham's use of the singular - he addresses the three visitors as "My Lord" - as an epiphany or divine manifestation of God; in this case in his triune form. Three Angels are seated at a table; in the background a tree; buildings on the left, a hill on the right; with these simple elements Russian iconography symbolically depicts the Trinity as the three young men who appeared to the Patriarch (praotets) Abraham at the Oak Of Mamre, as recorded in chapter 18 of the Book of Genesis.
Russians generally do not distinguish the three persons of the Trinity in this type by inscription, though some understand them thus: Christ at the centre, above whom is the tree, signifying the wood of the cross; the Father to the left before a building symbolizing the Church; the Holy Spirit on the right below a hill signifying spiritual ascent.
The image of the Trinity, that corresponds most fully to the teaching of the Church as regards both its content and its artistic expression, is to be found in the greatest of works, known as the Trinity by Andrei Rublyov, painted by him in the monastery of the Trinity and St. Sergius, probably between 1408 and 1425; it is now in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow.
Formerly, painters stressed the narrative elements of the story and included the figures of Abraham and Sarah and the sacrificial calf. Rublyov's composition dispensed with these and reduced the design to its most basic elements thereby giving priority to its mystical and symbolic meaning. His icon from then on was the prototype on which later painters modeled their work.

Genesis 18

Rublev: Holy Trinity, beginning of the 15th c.
Andrej Rubljov: Szentháromság, 15. sz. eleje

Tyihon Filatyev: Ószövetségi Szentháromság. Moszkva, Uszpenszkij-Székesegyház, 17. sz. (14. századi ikonra festve)

Nazarij Isztomin (?), Moszkva, 17. sz.

Rosztov - Szuzdal, 16. sz.

Szolvicsegodszk, Örömhírvétel-székesegyház. 1579 előtt.

Szentháromság a Teremtés könyvének jeleneteivel. Szolvicsegodszk, 1579 előtt

Ravenna

Kosztroma

Szentháromság a Teremtés könyvének jeleneteivel. 1587 előtt.

Szentháromság a Teremtés könyvének jeleneteivel. Novgorod, 17. század.

Szegélyképek elrendezése:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
10 9
12 11
14 13
16 15
18 17
19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Szegélyképek tartalma:
1. A világ teremtése
2. A sátán és a démonok bukása
3. A teremtés 5. napja - az állatok teremtése
4. Ádám és Éva teremtése
5. Paternitás.
6. Bűnbeesés.
7. Kiűzetés a paradicsomból
8. Noé bárkája.
9. Árvíz.
10. Noét megáldja Isten az árvíz után.
11. Bábel tornya.
12. Ábrahám fogadja a vendégeit
13. Ételt készít a vendégek számára.
14. Vendégfogadás a Mamré-tölgyesében.
15. Ábrahám elkíséri a zarándokokat.
16. Sodoma pusztulása.
17. Ábrahám áldozata.
18. Jákob lajtorjája.
19. Lót.
20. El nem égő csipkebokor.
21. A zsidók átkelnek a Vörös-tengeren.
22. Mózes vizet fakaszt a sziklából.
23. Mózes meghallja Isten hangját. Áldozat a rézbikának.
24. Mózes megkapja a törvénytáblákat
25. Áron áldozata